1) The world's largest diamond, the Cullinan, was discovered in South Africa in 1905 and weighed over 3,000 carats.

2) Chocolate chip cookies, a beloved sweet treat, were invented by Ruth Graves Wakefield in the 1930s. Wakefield ran the Toll House Inn in Massachusetts and added chopped chocolate to her cookie dough, expecting it to melt and create an all-chocolate cookie. Instead, the chocolate bits retained their shape, giving birth to the classic chocolate chip cookie. Today, they are a staple in cookie jars, dessert menus, and homemade baking, enjoyed by people of all ages.

3) The world's first stock exchange was established in Amsterdam in 1602.

4) The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 brought the United States and the Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear war during the Cold War.